Assessment 1 The Report supply chian magement (SM2038) Essay

Appraisal 1 The Report flexibly chian magement (SM2038) - Essay Example Gracefully chain the executives is profoundly engaged with the fruitful accomplishment of wanted degrees of efficiency and benefit by any organization or association. One of the key variables of flexibly chain the board procedure is buying. Gadde and Hakansson (1993) found that buying is viewed as one of the key vital capacities to be performed by the administration of any association so as to accomplish showcase control in a serious market. In my view, determination of appropriate providers for an organization is fundamentally significance since providers are legitimately associated with the assembling procedure of any item as they gracefully the crude material to the organization which has its impact while setting up the cost for an item. Providers regularly charge various costs to the pieces of the items that they gracefully to an organization. An organization ought to consistently choose a provider who ought to convey the crude material and required pieces of an item at a prudent cost to the organization since it is significant for an organization to set a serious cost for any item. What's more, serious costs must be set up whenever cost of assembling of an item is not exactly then genuine cost of that item in the market. Portage (2002) found that the goal of choosing a reasonable provider so as to chop down the assembling cost of an item can be accomplished by examining past exhibitions of different providers. Ayers (2001) found that the investigation with respect to providers ought to be founded on the suppliers’ validity, nature of the crude material that the providers give to the organization, and the cost at which they flexibly the crude material. After a total examination, the buying chief should choose a dependable and most sound provider. Cost of an item is constantly set up by deciding the real assembling cost of the item. On the off chance that an organization needs to accomplish

Bayezid I :: Ancient History European

Bayezid I-(r.1389-1402) Ottoman ruler who began to assault Constantinople in 1395. The Europeans considered him to be another danger to Christendom, and Hungary’s lord drove English, French, German, and Balkan knights in a campaign against the Turks. He vanquished them at Nicopolis, and moved their capital from Bursa to France. In the event that Bayezid had not vanquished the Christians, the Ottoman Empire probably won't have taken Constantinople. The armed forces of Timur vanquished him close to Ankara in 1402 where he was taken prisoner and passed on in imprisonment. Captiulations-offered independence to outsiders living in a Muslim region (a training embraced by the Ottomans). European nationals were liberated from having to bey Ottoman laws or make good on charges. This pulled in European brokers, and saved the hassocks from settling their questions. Framework embraced from the Mamluks. Constantinople previous capital of the Byzantine Empire and of the Ottoman Empire , since 1930 formally called Istanbul (for area and portrayal, see Istanbul ). It was established (AD 330) at antiquated Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named. The biggest and most magnificent European city of the Middle Ages, Constantinople shared the wonders and changes of the Byzantine Empire, which at long last was diminished to the city and its environs. Albeit assaulted multitudinous occasions by different people groups, it was taken just three timesâ€in 1204 by the military of the Fourth Crusade (see Crusades ), in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II. Guarded by Greek fire , it was likewise very much invigorated. An early internal divider was raised by Constantine I, and the augmented Constantinople was encircled by a triple mass of strongholds, started (fifth penny.) by Theodosius II. Based on seven slopes, the city on the Bosporus introduced the presence of an invulnerable post encasing an ocean of heavenly royal residences and overlaid vaults and towers. In the tenth penny., it had a cosmopolitan populace of around 1 million. The Church of Hagia Sophia , the holy royal residence of the rulers (a city in itself); the tremendous hippodrome, focal point of the mainstream life; and the Golden Gate, the central passageway into the city; were among the biggest of the scores of holy places, open buildings, and landmarks that lined the expansive arcaded roads and squares. Constantinople had an incredible abundance of masterful and scholarly fortunes before it was sacked in 1204 and 1453.

done done done

done done done hi internet! i took my last final this morning and am now done with junior year. i havent blogged in a while, so i thought id write up a post about my semester. classes i only had one final this semester, and for the first time in recent memory, i dont feel burned out at the end of the semester! the final was for 14.64 (labor economics), a class i loved (not reflected by my spotty attendance). in many of my course 14 classes, ive ended up reducing the problems to mathematical manipulations and letting myself lost sight of the underlying economic intuitionsthis class did a great job of highlighting the real-world implications of models and integrating empirical papers that tested these implications. in my other classes, i either had late-semester exams that werent technically finals or final projects. another of the classes i took was wgs.111 (gender and media studies), for which i got to write a final paper about the cosmetics brand Glossier. the paper is here. protip: if you want to stop yourself from spending money on a brand, write an essay on their marketing strategy so you never want to visit their website or see their logo ever again :~) as ive mentioned before, i took cms.307 with junot díaz in the fall; that class introduced to me a bunch of frameworks for thinking about gender and race, and i wanted to continue thinking about those things this semester. wgs.111 was fairly low time-commitment but allowed me to continue thinking critically about gender, which was fun and somewhat therapeutic. another of the classes i took this semester was 18.104 (seminar in analysis). this is a communication-intensive course in math, which, in this case, meant that lectures consisted primarily of students taking turns teaching material from the textbook (the subject this year was the calculus of variations). there was also a final paper. my partner and i wrote about minimal surfaces, which are [a superset of] surfaces that minimize surface area for a given boundary (technicality: they are a superset because surfaces that dont actually minimize area but are critical points are also called minimal surfaces). i thought the subject material for this class was pretty interesting, and i appreciated the flexibility of being able to write a paper on a chosen topic. the last class i took this semester was 18.702 (algebra ii). i dropped this class last spring because i royally screwed up an exam, and then i royally screwed up a different exam post-drop-date in the same class this year. for some reason this class was exceptionally hard for mespent many many hours on it, still struggled to wrap my head around materialbut i guess i managed to scrape through it. it was the kind of thing where i felt like i had to work twice as hard as other people to see half the results, but ive definitely been on the other end before, and im trying to not feel too bad about it. outside of coursework, i also UROPed + took a PE class; otherwise, i didnt have many regular commitments! (all my clubs are very low time commitment, especially during spring semester) thoughts on what i hope to do with my life i realized at some point during the semester that i actually really, really like economics, which was kind of a happy accident. as a freshman, i ended up in this major because i liked both math and the humanities, and economics seemed like a reasonable compromise; i also read poor economics and freakonomics and thought they were interesting books. then, for a while, i was knee-deep in theory courses, which sometimes feel dry and far removed from the sorts of things that made me interested in economics in the first place. fortunately, this year, i think ive developed a much better grasp on what economics actually is and what sorts of problems economists study: some of that has been informed by my economics coursework, some from UROPing, some from reading the news and academic papers, some from making connections between the cs/math/data work ive done. i think ive realized that its a field where people are studying the sorts of problems i like to think about using the sorts of tools that i think are interesting to learn. i have been trying to reconcile my actual interests with my long-held vision of The Person Im Supposed To Become. ive been realizing that my strongest and most enduring interestsas in, the things i think about in my free timeare mostly nontechnical, and it sort of feels like a fall from grace to move from being a token-woman-who-is-good-at-STEM to wanting to do slightly less theoretical work that is more meaningful and interesting to me. its not a big deal, just a small source of frustration that some of my course 14 friends, especially those who are women and who switched from STEM majors, have empathized with. other miscellaneous things 1) my attendance of things (classes, meetings, talks) in general was probably at an all-time (where all-time refers to the time ive been in college) high this semester. this was probably because most of my classes took attendance and because im getting better and better at managing my mental health. i took advantage of the many interesting talks that MIT hosts by actually showing up to some of them, and some of them have been helpful in exposing me to new concepts to think about and articles/books to read. heres a list of some talks and talk-ish things ive attended: david autor, the china shock: economic and political consequences of chinas rise for the united states hal varian, google tools for data martin omalley @ harvard law on the future of progressive politics david card,   what do editors maximize? evidence from four leading economics journals. this was hilarious because it was the department-wide seminar, and the primary audience seemed to be facultyrare and funny to see so many professors in a room bantering. jamelle bouie, race and racism in the 2016 presidential election cass sunstein, behavioral science and nudges: environmental protection and sustainability emily nagoski, beyond consent. super informative and interesting talk organized by [emailprotected] (peers leading education about sexuality and speaking up for relationship empowerment). i (and Yuliya K. 18!) am in the burchard scholars program this semesterits a dinner seminar program that allows students interested in HASS to eat nice food and listen to a short talk by a HASS professor once a month. so far, weve had talks on horror films, economic history, jihadist texts, and the war on cancer. 2) ive read just two books this year, just kids by patti smith and being mortal by atul gawande (which i read because someone mentioned it at the last burchard dinner). would recommend both! 3) i am currently really into the song play by iamamiwhoami right now. its this wildly grand swedish pop (electronic pop?) song that is totally not my usual type of music. beautiful and intense auditory experience. 4) theres been a lot of mess and a lot of cleanup this year. as ive mentioned before, fall semester was extraordinarily rough for me, and at the beginning of this semester, i spent so much time on the third and fourth floors of medical that it felt like i was taking an extra class. now i am doing betteri get to spend time with beloved friends and books, listen to music that brings me joy, watch the sun set over the charles, walk alone without fear. i get to do things i enjoy, think about things i care about, and call it work. im looking forward to the summer :) Post Tagged #18.702 Algebra II #Burchard Scholars #Course 14 - Economics #[emailprotected]

`` Samurai s Garden `` And `` Things Fall Apart ``

The word isolation is defined as meaning, â€Å"The state of being in a place or situation that is separate from others† (Merriam Webster 1). Isolation is very powerful in that it leads to many negative effects and causes people to feel left out, as well as, separated from the group. However, isolation can have differing effects on different people, while isolation can negatively affect some, it can also cause people to find themselves. Through the use of the characters Stephen, Sachi, and Okonkwo, the topic of what isolation really is will be assessed, and what exactly this very same isolation can cause will be found. In Samurai’s Garden by Gail Tsukiyama, and in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Stephen, Sachi, Okonkwo and Nwoye, are all isolated, thus causing them to strive to regain identity in their new lives. During Samurai’s Garden the topic of isolation is exemplified through the characters Stephen and Sachi. Both of these characters are isolated in their own ways and have both differing and similar effects because of this. However, they are both individually isolated for valid reasons that were mostly out of their control. As such, this isolation has caused them to become enlightened as to who they truly are and the new identity that they have obtained. The character Stephen for example, is sent away from his family and friends in order to go live in Tarumi after he becomes very ill. This serves as a prime example of isolation of others by one s own peers. This optionShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of No Name Woman6151 Words   |  25 Pagesin which traditional discipline and control enforced the self-supporting village to maintain their balanced dependency.   In return, Kingston states that, â€Å"the villagers punished her [aunt] for acting as if she could have a private life, secret and apart from them.†Ã‚   Kingston therefore fully understands that her aunt had attempted to distance herself away from the villagers’ way of life possibly on her own will, and through doing so committed an act of treason punishable with severity by those whoRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, AmericanRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesglobalization, both of which can be seen as hallmarks of the opening decades of the twentieth century. This intermingling of the forces and processes that were arguably essential components 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests the need for flexibility in demarcating phases of world history, and for determining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary

The Relationship between Organized Crime and Politics in...

Sociological significance of the relationship between organized crime and politics in the US The Money and the Power is the outcome of five years of study by award-winning investigative journalists Sally Denton and Roger Morris into the founders, finances as well as unholy associations that transformed a dusty desert crossroads into the de facto capital of criminal America. Starting with the city’s mobster godfathers, Bugsy Siegel and Meyer Lansky and their on-site representatives and followers like Texas thug Benny Binion, Denton and Morris expose amazing relationships between organized crime and revered Nevada and national political figures like Pat McCarran, Robert Laxalt, Papa Joe, Jack and Robert Kennedy, Arizona’s Goldwater family, and Richard Nixon. However, according to the authors, the sticky-sweet entice and infectious corruption of Las Vegas doesn’t end with underground political influence. Money laundering and defrauds of truly marathon proportions concerning the CIA, illegal drug cartels, Mormon bankers, the unions, Howard Hughes, substandard political burgles and apparently failed political assassinations round out an account of current U. S. history that is forthrightly awful in its implications. Denton and Morris indicate to explain that Las Vegas is both the symbol and the fruit of a new American order, a means of life that admits, supports and uses misapprehensions, diversion, disgraceful shams and the pessimistic operation of a people by theirShow MoreRelatedConflict Analysis : Mexico And Central America1687 Words   |  7 Pages In this paper, I will focus on Policy Issues through Conflict Analysis in Latin America. First, I will talk about the differences and critiques in the Merida Initiative: Mexico and Central America. Then, I will focus on â€Å"Drug War†: Lenses, Frames, and â€Å"Seeing† Solutions. I will then talk about, â€Å"conflict analysis ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬, a lens for viewing conflict that brings into focus a multilevel, integrative diagnosis of the violence in Mexico and supports recent evolutions in Plan Merida toward a more holisticRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Prohibition in Canada1061 Words   |  5 Pagesillegalization of alcohol, Canada still became a lot darker. Organized crime and bootlegging became a lot bigger since people wanted to keep drinking regardless of what the law said. Thanks to this many police became overburdened and stressed out since they had to keep going out of their way to arrest these people going against the law. It does not end there thou gh; many people also lost their jobs since alcohol became illegal and had to resort to crime. It still gets worse. Alcohol was sold in the same mannerRead MoreEssay on Prohibition: A Call For Reformation928 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the late eighteenth century, reformers and politics debated the sale of alcohol for many reasons. Issues such as prohibition caused many individuals to engage in politics and propaganda sometimes took the focus off the real problems. President Cleveland won the election in 1884 for the Republican Party, it was said to have been because of a quote by a Republican clergyman. Directed primarily toward Democrats, it labeled them the party of â€Å"rum, Romanism, and rebellion.† In 1850 annual consumptionRead Moreâ€Å"The War On Drugs Is A Big Fucking Lie†. In Recent History,1560 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief that those associated with Mexico are inherently criminals and must be kept out of the United States. Latin America is looked at as a c orrupt place, teeming with drugs and criminals, that is tainting the wonderful and pure United States. 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The violence is a topic widely discussed in different journalistic media: newspapers, magazines, radio and television programs, as well as being a topic of debate among State officials; however, we have so far been able to say who we are organized on the left. Maybe because we do not consider it to be the main problem of the people abuse in the country, perhaps because it is a problem that we consider to be for eign, or permanently in the official discourse. However at this point it is undeniableRead More Prohibiton Was a Failure Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesConstitution went into effect on January 16, 1920, with three-fourths vote from congress (Boorstin 994). The National Prohibition of Alcohol was adopted to solve social problems, reduce the crime rate, stop corruption and minimize the tax burden created by prisons. Some immediate results of the amendment included organized crime and the corruption of public officials. As time went on, the stock market crashed, the Great Depression began, and people no longer viewed Prohibition as a question of moral valuesRead MoreWar On Drugs : A Comparative Analysis Of Human Rights Violation1339 Words   |  6 PagesHermione Dorce Richard Stahler-Sholk PLSC 367 07 April 2016 War on drugs or a war on people ? A comparative analysis of human rights violation in Latin America Ever since the War on Drugs campaign began there has been a more complex relationship between the U.S and Latin America. While the media portrays the U.S as providing aid to Latin America to combat such issues, the U.S is also seen as a victim in the war on drugs. Over the course of the war on drugs numerous human rights violations haveRead MoreThe Civil Law System : The United States Of The American Society For A Long Time Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsible for their action they take upon the law enforcement and in the early stages of expansion in their communities. Policing has been changed rapidly over the years. The United States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights, where these right implies to everyone that is a citizen in America. The police play a major role in making sure that all people gets their rights no matter where they from, their religion and the color of their skin per the First Amendment. The Criminal

Natural Gas And Its Effects On The United States - 1815 Words

Under the Surface Hydraulic fracturing, or hydro fracking, is a sizeable issue for many. The process includes pumping the fracking fluid, which is a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals deep below the surface to fracture the rock and free the natural gas. People are either in favor or against hydro fracking. There is no in-between. While it is highly controversial regarding the safety of hydrofracking, some argue it’s unsafe because it contaminates the ground water, facts show otherwise. Many tests have been completed and studies have shown in a majority of the cases, that it is safe. However, it questions the overall safety if not all tests were proven successful. It is the social responsibility of the community to modify hydrofracking policies in order for the complete agreement of society’s benefit from it. Hydrofracking should be allowed to take place in the United States despite the environmental concerns. Natural gas is more beneficial to society than oil and coal because it is better for the atmosphere, and the domestic economy within the United States. Fracking is a viable energy windfall that is drilled using safe technology. â€Å"[Hydro fracking] is a technique used to form wells into deep-rock formations to get natural gas, petroleum, and brine† (Hyder). â€Å"This process began in 1947, and in 2012, 2.5 million hydraulic fracturing operations have been used worldwide (1 million sites in America)† (Hyder). Fracturing fluid is pumped into the rock to increaseShow MoreRelatedFracking And The Gas Industry1573 Words   |  7 PagesSince the turn of the millennium, hydraulic fracturing - a process for extracting natural gas- has spread rapidly across the United States. High volume hydraulic fracturing, or â€Å"fracking,† is a process in which water and chemicals are injected into shale formations underground in order to release trapped natural gas. 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People use these two types of energy to run the products that they need. However, natural gas is now what people can produce by them. The origin of natural gas is from animals and plant fossils that formed thousands of years ago. This is why, natural gas is absolutely worse than electric power. Electric power will not affect t he environmentRead MoreThe Process Of Hydraulic Fracturing1387 Words   |  6 Pagesand local economy plus environment of the United States, but due to the large interdependencies and networks of our world today, impacts at a global scale are inevitable. By analyzing each scale individually starting with national, local and ending with global, it will become clear that each scale is interdependent and interrelated with one another. Scales: In our fast-paced and globalizing world, it is important to know how phenomena and processes effect scales within society. 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(25-50 words).3 â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing (also known as hydrofracking, fracking, fracing, or fraccing) is a water-intensive industrial process that drillers use to collect the natural gas held in shaleRead MoreThe Debate Over Global Warming Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesrenewable energy sources like wind and solar have been hailed as the technologies of the future, they are not yet mature enough to shoulder the burden of being our sole source of energy. Until renewable energy technology advances sufficiently, natural gas can serve as an effective bridge fuel, lessening the toll we are taking on the environment while ensuring that we can meet our energy needs. As fuel sources, solar and wind power seem to be ideal. They are abundant, renewable, and green. 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Overpopulation in India Underdeveloped Economy

Qustion: Describe about the Overpopulation in India for Underdeveloped Economy. Answer: Overpopulation in India Overpopulation issues in India are influencing its underdeveloped economy. It has been a major menace facing major developed and developing countries including India. Overpopulation also has an effect on underdeveloped economies. Its damages are enormous such that it could hinder economic growth and development (Nafziger, and Nafziger, 2006, pp.130). It would occur where the population of a given country exceeds the required capacity of that country or ecological niche. Ideally, it is the condition of having a densely populated country that could cause environmental deterioration, low quality of life, fighting for the scarce resources and space and so forth. Overpopulation is caused by medical benefits or advances, increased supply of education and development programs, as well as the high level of immigration. Causes of Overpopulation to India Overpopulation is among the most pressing issues affecting India. According to a census that was conducted in India in 2011, the population of the country was exactly 1,210,193,422. This implies that India had crossed the required 1 billion benchmark and therefore it was labeled as an overpopulated country (Galbraith, 1964, pp.1-20). It silently aggravates the forces that cause global warming or the green house effect, pollution of the environment, loss of the habitats of wild animals, extinction of various animal species like the dinosaurs, and the consumption of the scarce natural resources. Overpopulation is caused by a number of factors, which include reduced mortality rate, improved medical care and facilities, depletion of the scarce and available resources, and advancement in technology. The increased advances in technology have affected the citizens of India in a number of ways. It has increased the ability to save lives through improved health care facilities and better medical treatment. In addition to this, it has greatly reduced infant and mother mortality rate. This implies that as fewer deaths occur mothers in India decide to populate the earth, as the medical health care facilities would have improved (Weil, 2005, pp.99). This results to overpopulation in India and thus the citizens start competing for the scarce and available resources. Another cause of overpopulation in India is good food production. India is known to be one of the best exporters of food products. As the country produces more food, the citizens of India can be able to support more people within their households and so they decide to multiply and fill the earth (Hoselitz, 1961, pp.33-60). As the population grows, it will eventually lead to overpopulation. Consequently, the country would not be able to cope up with the increased demand for food products and thus making the citizens compete for the scarce resources. The third cause of overpopulation is illiteracy and poverty. There is notion that says the more members a family has, the more income they will have or the more wealth they will be considered having (Zeaman, 2002, pp.101). This is always in the mindsets of poor and illiterate people, which is no actually the case. Indians also lag behind concerning the knowledge of the use of contraceptives and methods of birth control. Most of them are unwilling to discuss about this matter and therefore have many unplanned pregnancies. As the poor people believe this, they decide to populate the earth or have unplanned pregnancies thus leading to overpopulation. The fourth cause of overpopulation is age old cultural norms. Many cultures including that of India believe that sons are the bread earners of the family. They also believe that they are the ones who should inherit the wealth. The society and the community therefore put pressure on the couples in India to produces children until a male is born (Green, 2008, pp.55-60). They also affirm that the more male children the better as the couple would be considered wealthy. This therefore leads to overpopulation. The last cause of overpopulation but not the least is illegal migration. Migration is the movement of people from one country to another due to famine, floods, wars, drought and so forth. Evidence of illegal migration has been noted in Bangladesh and Nepal parts of India (The real problem with overpopulation, 2009, pp.5). Consequently, as many people move or migrate into India, the population density of the country increases thus leading to overpopulation. Impact of Overpopulation in India Overpopulation in India has a had a number of effects both positive and negative. One of the impacts of overpopulation has been unemployment (Nolan, 2012, pp.133). As the population density of India increases, the available employment opportunities become scarce to meet the increased demand for jobs. The number of illiterate people who cannot be employed in organizations increases every year thus leaving many people unemployed. The second impact of overpopulation is man power utilization. Many skilled labor or personnel are left idle since the available employment opportunities cannot meet the unlimited demand for jobs (Ranjit, 2013, pp.267-273). The main reason why they are left idle or unutilized is economic depression since the current economy of India cannot satisfy the excess demand for jobs, and slow business expansion activities, which reduce the possibility of utilizing the idle capacity. The third impact of overpopulation is pressure on infrastructure. Development of infrastructure in India does not seem o match the growing population (Ranjit, 2013, pp.267-273). This causes lack of transportation, lack of adequate communication facilities, decrease in housing capabilities, lack of adequate education facilities, and lack of health care facilities. Pressure on infrastructure has also caused an increase in the number of overcrowded houses, slums, traffic, and congestion in India. The fourth impact of overpopulation is resource utilization. Overpopulation has led to scarcity of resources thus making people or the citizens of India compete for the scarce land, the scarce water resources, and other resources (Lewis, n.d., pp.99). This therefore leads to over exploitation of the available resources thus leading to depletion of the natural resources. The fifth impact or effect of overpopulation is decreased production levels and increase in the cost of production (Lewis, n.d., pp.99). Production of food in India and its distribution thereof have not been able to catch up with the growing population of the country thus leading to increased costs of production. An increase in the costs of production causes the prices of goods and services in India to increase thus resulting to inflationary changes Last but not the least; overpopulation also has an effect on inequitable distribution of income. As the population of India grows, the gap between the rich and the poor widens (McLeish, 2009, pp.1-5). More state and local funding is directed to the rich districts while the poor districts are given less priority thus making them receive low state and low funding for their investment projects. Impacts of Overpopulation of India on the Economic Development Overpopulation of India has negatively affected the economic growth and development of the country. As the population density of India increases, the country becomes unable to sustain its citizens such that it cannot be able to offer them job opportunities and the scarce resources cannot also satisfy their unlimited demand (McLeish, 2009, pp.1-5). Since the level of unemployment in India would have risen, the prices of goods and services also increase as shown by the Philips Curve. This results to an increase in the costs of living of the citizens of India and thus reducing or decreasing their standards of living. The companies in India also experience decreased food production resulting to a decrease in the real gross domestic product (GDP). As the gross domestic product (GDP) decreases, the economy of India suffers a depression thus reducing the rate of economic development or hindering economic development. Current Situation of Overpopulation in India The modern India has been facing major economic and social issues because of the unstoppable overpopulation problems (McLeish, 2010, pp.299). The government of India has been hasty and violent and has frequently attempted to reduce the birth rate. At first, the population of India might appear inevitable. However, the reality is that the country of India has over 1.3 billion inhabitants, which has crossed the 1 billion benchmark. It also gives an impression that one in every six people live in the worlds largest democracy. Subsequently, young people under 35 comprise of the largest percentage of the countrys population. According to some research and studies conducted in the country, the growth rate of the population of India is approximately between 1.3 percent and 1.6 percent. By 2030, India would have become the most populous country since to date China is leading as the most overpopulated country in the world. Overpopulation has been a serious menace in India and many people including the government of India believe that the current challenges like unemployment, lack of housing, poor medical facilities and so forth facing India are as a result of the many inhabitants India has (McLeish, 2010, pp.299). Due to the overpopulation of India, the economy has been unable to keep up with it. Several specialists believe that there are several reasons behind the high fertility rate of Indias society. One of the reason of high fertility rate of India is the traditions and the culture, which are still being followed today. This culture and traditions urge the citizens of India that the more children they have the more they are considered wealthy. The same tradition tells them that they ought to have kids until a male child is born. It does not matter how many kids they would have but they must have a male heir in their household. This has led to overpopulation in India and the dependency rate has also increased lowering the standards of living of the citizens and also increasing their cost of living. Another factor that has led to the high population growth rate in India is the early marriages within the Sanskara community, which is a small community within India. In this community, a typical Indian goes through the process of early marriages. Even though the legal age of marriage is 18, many young women in India marry at a young age and later drop out of school. This has increased the level of illiteracy in India (Pimentel, 2012, pp.151-152). The society then forces them to have children and not just a child, a male child, for them to be considered complete within the societal context. Indian women tend to marry at a young age something that the society advocates. As a result, these women have given birth to their first child even before attaining adulthood. Traditionally, the wealth of a family is measured by the number of livestock one has and the number of children he or she has. Indians have therefore prayed to their goods for abundance and blessings in both from time immemorial. In addition to this, families in rural areas view women as a source of labor while their children mostly the male child as the bread winner of the family who will take care of their families when they get old (Pimentel, 2012, pp.151-152). According to Sai Karan, the menace lies in the patriarchal family system. She further states that women are supposed to follow the traditions, values, rules, and societal norms that is why the tradition does not allow anyone to limit the birth rate by use of birth control pills and methods. It is a fact that the male children are perceived as a source of wealth in India. This has therefore resulted in a serious unexpected menace. The traditional families within the vicinity of India consider it as a bad omen of the first child is a girl child (Burnett, 2016, pp.315-323). When a girl child is born as the first child to a family, the society performs female infanticide or the termination of the female fetuses. This situation has reached an epidemic as it has resulted to the high mortality rate of both mother and child. However, the mortality rate has not been able to match the birth rate. The number of births in India has always been higher than the number of deaths. Overpopulation is also believed to be the cause of the high rate of illiteracy in India or the pervasive illiteracy rate of India. Some districts consider who can only be able to sign their pay slips as literate. This shows that illiteracy in this country has reached its peak. Many Indians, especially the poor and uneducated ones, can barely read and write. They also know very little about birth control methods (Burnett, 2016, pp.315-323). However, employment seems to be the current and most pressing issue in India. Currently, Indias unemployment rate has reached 4%. When we consider its current population of 1.3 billion, approximately 52 million people or inhabitants of India are unemployed. This also shows that the 52 million people are not geared towards the economic growth and development of the country and thus the underdevelopment of India. In addition to this, the overpopulation of India or the growing population of the country needs more and more space, more resources and more infrastructure, which is currently scarce or not available. New schools and hospitals are built in India but they are not enough to meet the rapidly increasing population of the country (Cassils, 2003, pp.171-194). Many classes are often overcrowded thus preventing the teacher from explaining the concepts to every student until they understand. These students can hardly be able to learn anything in this kind of environment. When you look at the train stations, subways, and markets in India, there are huge crowds everywhere and one can hardly move at a fast pace. Finally, the volatile and ever increasing population of India has been putting more and more pressure on the natural resources of the country. Today, India is faced with shortage of land and water. The country has cut down forests and polluted rivers and in the name of freeing up more land for the citizens to occupy (Cassils, 2003, pp.171-194). This has greatly influenced the countrys environment. According to the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy and Columbia University in collaboration with WEF, India has been ranked 155th in environmental conservation. Government Response to Overpopulation in India The government of India since the present day has been aware of the overpopulation menace of India. The country was the first country to adopt a family planning program. The prime minister back then, Jawaharlal Nehru, was convinced that the only way to catch up with the standards of living of its citizens and the level of economic growth and development was to slow down the countrys birth rate (Darity, 2008). At that time, the government of India placed more emphasis on raising awareness about birth control methods that should be used to limit the birth rate. The clinics were therefore given a mandate to advice families on family planning. To control this overpopulation problem, the government of India has developed sterilization camps as it is perceived to be a more cheaper method than the use of contraceptives. The government has also provided incentives for women by paying them not to give birth. The women who have been paid therefore ensure that they do not perform any sexual intercourse to prevent them from getting pregnant (Darity, 2008). The government of India has also tried governmental policies to limit the family size. This has been through the increase of taxes when a family exceeds a certain limit of children. If a family knows that they would be taxed for exceeding the limit of children per household for example two children per household, they would try as much as possible not to have excess children. If they get unplanned pregnancies, they would opt for female infanticide or abortion in order to evade being taxed. Another way that the government of India has used to control the rapidly increasing population is by promoting knowledge about the use of contraceptives. Here, the government has implemented both governmental and non-governmental programs in order to create awareness about contraceptives and how to use them (Kuo, 2012, pp.23-32). The government has also provided subsidies for the companies producing contraceptives. This strategy has been aimed at reducing the production cost of producing contraceptives thus making them cheaper and affordable for the citizens of India. The government of India has also tried to raise the incomes of its citizens. It is a fact that the more money a household has the less children they would plan to have. It also appears that more children are of less economic value to people in rich countries (Kuo, 2012, pp; 23-32). Consequently, the more the government of India can be able to promote economic growth and development in the country, the more they would be able to drive down the rate of births. Finally, the government of India might consider that there is actually not a problem or menace of overpopulation. Instead, they would consider that there is a problem in the overuse of the scarce and available resources (Nafziger, and Nafziger, 2006, pp.130). The government of India has then responded by giving is citizens good standards of living and reducing their costs of living without using many resources. This has gone a great way in reducing the problems that are associated with overpopulation. One example of implementing this strategy is by developing more and advanced technology that uses less energy thus avoiding the depletion of the natural resources. Future Direction of Overpopulation and the Likely Impact on the Economic Development of India In 2050, the population of India is projected to be 1.69 billion while China will be 1.31 billion. This implies that the population growth rate of India is rapidly increasing to the extent that by 2050 it would have surpassed that of China (Nafziger, and Nafziger, 2006, pp.130). Currently, China is the leading overpopulated country while India comes after China with a population of 1.3 billion. This will negatively affect economic growth and development as people will be fighting for the scarce resources. Many people will be unemployed since the available jobs would not be enough to meet the rising population of India. Due to this, the costs of living would increase reducing the standards of living of the citizens of India. Water, land, food, infrastructure and other resources would not be adequate to meet the overpopulated India. Many children would become illiterate since the schools available cannot be able to accommodate them (Nafziger, and Nafziger, 2006, pp.130). There would be increase in slums and the country would be overcrowded or densely populated. Medical facilities would also be inadequate to facilitate health care services for the citizens of India. This would lead to high mortality rate as people would not be able to access medical services. To conclude, Indias economy would undergo a recession or depression. References Nafziger, E. and Nafziger, E. (2006). Economic development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.130. Retrieved on 10 September 2016. Galbraith, J. (1964). Economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Pp. 1-20. Retrieved on 10 September 2016. Weil, D. (2005). Economic growth. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Pp.99. Retrieved on 10 September 2016. Hoselitz, B. 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