Haitian Women in History essays

Haitian Women in History essays Women in Haiti have been for a long time silenced. Their heroic acts during slavery and for the independence of Haiti have not been acknowledged. The women of Haiti have been and still are making a huge impact on society and on how their state is constructed. They have long fought for their right and created women's movements. Their bodies were controlled and violated. Rape and torture was use as a way to intimidate the women and also to make them pay for action made by people other than them. My paper will analyse the way women where portrayed and the important role these Haitian women played, especially during and after the Duvalierist regime. I will talk about the way in which they where reduced to inferior in their status and also about the violence that they were subject to, paying a particular attention to the rape of women. I will also take a look at the emergence of the many women's movements in Haiti and the ones started by Haitians in Canada or the United States. Finally I will look at women writers and their role. My attention will be focus on two novels by Edwidge Danticat: Krik? Krak? and Breath, Eyes, Memory. This paper will try to show how women reclaimed their identity and their right to all be different. Women in Haiti have always played an important role in its history. They fiercely fought along side with men to free Haiti and stop slavery. However, even after they had won the battle for independence, women were still seen as inferior and all their efforts, forgotten. President Dessalines' Independence Constitution of 1805 provided in article 9 that "no one I worthy of being a Haitian if he is not a good father, a good son, a good husband, and above all, a good soldier#. Here we see how women were not seen as worthy of being a Haitian. They are from the beginning inferiorised by men. This belief of the inferiority of women remained. Their place was associated whit home and domestic chores. They were seen as ...

The Flat Tax essays

The Flat Tax essays The United States tax system is in complete disarray. Republicans and Democrats agree that the current tax code is complex, unfair, and costly. The income tax system is so complex; the IRS publishes 480 tax forms and 280 forms to explain the 480 forms (Armey 1). The main reason the tax system is so complex is because of the special preferences such as deductions and tax credits. Complexity in the current tax system forces Americans to spend 5.4 billion hours complying with the tax code, which is more time than it takes to manufacture every car, truck and van produced in the United States (Armey 1). Time is not the only thing that is lost with the current tax system; Americans also lose great deal of money complying with the tax code. Resources that are currently wasted on record keeping, filing forms, learning the tax code, litigation, and tax avoidance. The cost of complying with the current tax code totals about $200 billion annually, or $700 for every man, woman, and child i n America (Armey 1). The overwhelming consensus that the current tax system is inadequate has ignited the search for tax reform. There are numerous proposals for tax reform; one particular proposal brought forth by various conservatives is the idea of national flat rate income tax. The idea is to replace the current income tax with a single rate that everyone pays. This paper will take a close look at the concepts of the flat tax, and look at the possible benefits and potential failings. Although there is a basic format to the flat tax, there are multiple flat tax proposals that have been offered by conservatives. Along with critiquing the basic format of the flat tax, this paper will compare and contrast the different flat tax proposals. There is no doubt among Americans and politicians that there is need for tax reform, the flat tax and one of its proposals could possibly be the answer to tax reform. The American people are in t...

The Difference Between An Egalitarian And A Non-Egalitarian Principle Essay

The Difference Between An Egalitarian And A Non-Egalitarian Principle Of Distribution. Which One Is Preferable - Essay Example In this philosophy, people ought to get the same, be treated equally, treat our friend as equal, and all people should enjoy equal social status. The egalitarianism principles rest on the background that all mankind are equal in fundamental worth and moral status. Although these principles are widely accepted, there exist variant views especially in Western European and Anglo American philosophical traditions. Egalitarians believe that equality and justice are closely well connected. Firstly, they think unfair life prospects should be equalized. Secondly, equality is the most important constitutive and intrinsic worth of justice. Thirdly, welfare has to be increased. Fourthly and fifthly that justice is comparative, and inequalities are just when advantages are destroyed in the name of justice respectively. One of the most important views of the existence of egalitarianism is the Christian doctrine that God loves all mankind equally despite their social economic status (Raz 254-257). The existence of egalitarianism is prudent for there are different types of equality. For example, treatment of people equally in the society. Great example is the modern democratic societies where everyone has equal chances to hold any position and be treated equally like any other person. An egalitarian denies Cross-Temporal Additivity because inequality is not additive over time. Inequality partly determines value and hence value is not additive over time. In economics, egalitarianism would mean equality to opportunity such that the government ought not to discriminate against citizens or even hinder prosperity opportunities to them. The government has to advocate for equal prosperity for all citizens. Milton Friedman a free-market economist supports equality-of-opportunity economic egalitarianism. The principles of non egalitarianism hold that equality is not bad or good at the same time, and there are several forms of egalitarianism depending on one’s interpretation of equality and values. The non egalitarian principle suggests that, value of two events is equal given that they occupy no overlapping times interval. This claim portrays people’s view of justice. The treatment of people justly depends on how other people are treated. Therefore, it is unfair to distribute resources if people are denied their share despite the amount to be given. What is important is the allocation ratio to each person and the kind of feeling that arise thereafter. Non-Egalitarianism uses three general moral principles namely: Intrapersonal Non-Egalitarianism, Strong Supervenience of Utility-Value and Cross Temporal Additivity of Utility Value. The Intrapersonal Non-Egalitarianism principle supports that the equality in the distribution of utility is evaluative neutral in an individual’s life. The Strong Supervenience of Utility-Value principle states that the two events have the same utility value if they are intrinsically identical in terms of non-evalu ative properties. Lastly the Cross-Temporal Additivity of Utility Value principle states that utility-value of fusion of for instance event A and B is equal to utility value of A plus utility value of B. This holds as long as the two events occupy non-overlapping time intervals. Scope and Role of Distributive Principles This principle varies greatly in various dimensions relevance to distributive justice (wealth, income, jobs utility among others). The variation between the egalitarian and non-egalitarian principle occurs in the nature of the recipient and the basis of distribution. It covers the distribution and economic burden among individuals in society. This principle forms the principles of Anglo

Attraction Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Attraction Management - Essay Example This particular study focuses on Trafalgar Square, and necessitated the acquisition of data as to how attraction management for this tourist spot was being handled. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. EVENT MANAGEMENT / ATTRACTION MANAGEMENT: AN INTRODUCTION 1 II. TRAFALGAR SQUARE 7 III. CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES 18 Event Management / Attraction Management: An Introduction Every country, developed or developing, has and will always be coming up with new ways to make money. Ideally, these funds would then be used to improve infrastructure, or to create new job opportunities for its citizens, or generally bankrolling development efforts nationwide. For better or worse, the old saying about money making the world go round at least has a modicum of truth to it. This money, of course, is made through selling things, whether products or services, by way of taxing business establishments. To sell a service in particular requires a great deal of effort on the part of the salesman; events and at tractions are no exception among these. If anything, said need for a concerted effort applies even more so in this regard, due to the increased need to convince prospective customers that one’s offerings are actually good and are not, in fact, worthless. Given how much profit is at stake, it would be best to be aware of and display a certain degree of proficiency in event management – which refers to the administration and creation of various conferences, festivals and occasions (Ramsborg, 2008). As with any other type of management, event management requires a load of planning in order to succeed. Among other things, those in charge of such tasks need to be ready and willing to analyze and identify their prospective clients and target market as well as pick a proper event theme, for a start. And after getting this done, next on the list are issues of logistics and coordinating with the relevant personnel. The general demand for both traditional and contemporary events has contributed greatly to the growth of this industry. Said events can be conducted for any purpose, be it organizational, cultural or personal in nature, but it should be obvious for anyone planning such events to want them to succeed. Luckily, certain breakthroughs have made successful event management and planning much more convenient, thanks in part to how increasingly fierce competition has made each player recognize the increasing need and difficulty with respect to one-upping their rivals. Technology in particular has been a godsend, especially in that proper application of it expedites tasks, which no longer need quite as many people to get done right. This becomes much more readily apparent when the internet is factored into the equation. The so-called information superhighway is definitely a great help in this case, not only in spreading awareness regarding the event, but also when it comes to facilitating the growth of the firm in charge of the said event or attraction. Thanks in part to this, the industry of event management (and by extension, attraction management) has become even more lucrative and profitable than it already was. That said, there are things that need to be kept in mind when it comes to event management. For instance, the viewpoint of sustainable event management holds

Should America Legalize Marijuana Essay Example for Free

Should America Legalize Marijuana Essay I. Introduction A. Attention Getter B. Specific Purpose Statement C. Credibility Statement D. Preview of Main Points (Transition) II. Body (sentences in body should be complete sentences) A. Pro/For 1 1. Supporting Material The United States is currently has over 17 trillion dollars in debt( statistic) 2. Supporting Material According to congress budget office The United States is currently has over 17 trillion dollars in debt. A country accumulates most of their debt in time of war one of the biggest and most expensive war going on right now is the war on drugs the DEA spends x dollars trying to keep marijuana of the streets just think how many more other more serious crimes can be solved if that money was spent elsewhere in the criminal justice department. Another pro of legalizing marijuana is the tax dollars we as a country can get from selling marijuana. Colorado and Washington recently legalized marijuana this year and since January through august just think how many tax dollars we can raise if marijuana was legal throughout the entire United States and that is on top of the money we are saving on from the DEA by not chasing down these pot heads. (Transition) Money and debt is not the only upside to legalizing marijuana there are countless health benefits from the intake of marijuana B. Pro/For 2 1. Supporting Material 2. Supporting Material There is a documentary called weed by Dr. Sanjay Gupta it’s about a 5 year old girl with epilepsy that has over a 100 seizures a week a team of scientist a strain of marijuana that was low in THC(the chemical that gives you that high felling when smoking weed) and high in CBD(a chemical that has numerous health benefits) but instead of letting this 5 year old girl roll up a joint and smoke in they extract the juice from the plant and let her consume it. Almost instantaneously after this treatment this girl went from having over a hundred seizures a week to having 3 or less some weeks she wouldn’t even have any after a year they saw major improvement in the child’s mood and in the child learning ability. (Transition) is there any down sides to this drug you call marijuana? Of course there is there in facts are a lot of reasons why we shouldn’t legalize the drug. We talk about how marijuana has health benefits now let’s talk about the negative side effects. D. Con/Against 1 1. Supporting Material 2. Supporting Material The most common side effect of marijuana is short term memory lose this is a bad thing in many ways especially if you in an unsafe environment like a car. Marijuana also affects brain development, and when it is used heavily by young people. Marijuana smoke is an irritant to the lungs, and frequent marijuana smokers can have many of the same respiratory problems experienced by tobacco smokers, such as daily cough. Marijuana is also been know to lead to depression and suicide in frequent users. (Transition) as now you know marijuana has a few negative health effects of marijuana but they is one more thing you need to conceder one more thing the Gateway theory. E. Con/Against 2 1. Supporting Material 2. Supporting Material Gateway theory states that â€Å"use of certain drugs may lead to an increased risk in the use of other drugs and involvement in criminal behavior.† Smoking a joint might not seem that bad after looking at the positive and negative health effects but before you light up look up the health effects of all the hard drugs out there because no one wakes up and says I’m going to shoot up with 10 mailgrams of heroin today all drug addicts start somewhere and more times than not it starts with tobacco, alcohol and marijuana (Transition) In conclusion. III. Conclusion A. Summary of Main Points B. Restate Purpose C. Reference to Attention-Getter

Pope Benedict XVI Biography Essay -- essays research papers

Pope Benedict XVI: A Life and Papacy Revealed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On April 19, 2005 Joseph Alois Ratzinger was elected as successor to the beloved Pope John Paul II. He was formally enthroned during the papal inauguration Mass on April 24, 2005 and chose the name of Pope Benedict XVI (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). Elected at the age of 78 Pope Benedict XVI was the oldest to be elected Pope since Clement XII in 1730 (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). Pope Benedict is only the eight German Pope to be elected into office the last being Adrian VI (1522-1523) (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). His Early Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on Holy Saturday April 16, 1927 at his parents' home in Marktl am Inn, Germany (Ewtn P. Ben XVI bio). He was the first person baptized in the Easter Water and blessed at the Easter Vigil (Ewtn P. Ben XVI bio). His father, Joseph Ratzinger Sr., was a policeman from a family of farmers from lower Baveria and his mother, Maria Ratzinger, was from a family of South Tyrol (Ewtn P. Ben XVI bio). In 1929 Joseph and his family moved to Tittmoning, a small town on the Salzach River, on the Austrian border (Ewtn P. Ben xvi bio). In 1932 his father's outspoken criticism of the Nazis required the family to relocate to Auschau am Inn (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). His father retired in 1937, and his family moved to Hufschlag, outside of Traunstein (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). There Joseph began studying classical languages at his local high school (Ewtn P. Ben XVI bio). In 1939, he entered the minor seminary in Traunstein, his first step toward the priesthood (Ewtn P. Ben XVI bio). Military Backround   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World War II forced a postponement of young Ratzinger’s studies. In 1943, at the age of 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his friends into the anti-aircraft artillery corps (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). Ratzinger and his classmates were posted all over Europe to help in guarding aircraft engine plants (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). According to John Allen, author of Cardinal Ratzinger: The Vatican’s Enforcer of Faith, â€Å"Ratzinger was only briefly a member †¦ and not an enthusiastic one at that.† This was mostly due to the fact that an infected finger prevented him from learning how to shoot (Time 40). On September 10, 1944, Ratzinger was given new notice for the â€Å"Reichsarbeitsdienst† (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). He was posted at the H... ...bio). Others also maintain that single quotes from Dominus Iesus are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other faiths, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document (Locker P. Ben XVI bio). They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue (Locker P. Ben XVI bio). Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with Lutherans (Locker P. Ben XVI bio). In defending Dominus Iesus, Benedict himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct (Locker P. Ben XVI bio). There are many views on how people feel Pope Benedict will do while he holds the title of Pope .When asked about her overall thought of Pope Benedict XVI Lea Gagliardo, a religion teacher for many years, said â€Å"she feels that he will be a wonderful continuation of the beloved ways of John Paul II.† Overall the attitude seems to be that Benedict will be a great Christina leader and he will be able to continue the ways of the beloved John Paul II.

Psychopathy Influences and Factors Essay

Psychopathy has been around for hundreds of years and with a variety of names. In the early 1800s it was considered â€Å"moral insanity† and was based on the antisocial and nonconformity of individuals in society, but not necessarily criminal (Vitacco, Neuman & Jackson, 2005). Today, the same description holds true to some extent. Merriam-Webster (2008) defines psychopathy as â€Å"a mental disorder† showing symptoms of insensitive and antisocial behavior. In the early view this disorder was viewed as just a deficit of character, where today, psychopathy is viewed as a treatable disorder that has ties to violent and non-violent behaviors (Ross, Benning, & Adams, 2007). By the early 1940s, a set standard of 16 criteria was used to diagnose this moral insanity or psychopathy. This diagnosis tool was focused on the behavior and personality traits and actions of the person, but had not been viewed as a factor in studying criminal behavior (Vitacco, Neuman & Jackson, 2005). This early 20th Century research in the field of psychopathy, it has blossomed and grown in to a psychological field of science all its own. In the 1980s the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) which listed the criterion from the initial research as well as new criterion for a total of 20 characteristics. The PCL was used on prisoners and criminally hospitalized people to show a correlation between psychopathy tendencies, and crime and violence. Eventually the PCL was modified a bit more to include the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), Psychopathy: Revised (PCL:R), and the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). All of these checklists have one thing in common; each can be used as a prediction tool in the relation of psychopathy traits and criminal activity (Reid, & Gacono, 2000; Ross, Benning, & Adams, 2007;Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006; Vitacco, Neumann, & Jackson, 2005; Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007; Wormith, Olver, Stevenson, & Girard, 2007). In just about every study there are four factors that are considered basic traits of the psychopathy personality. These four factors are found as predictors in each of the PCLs used in today’s psychopathy research. The traits include interpersonal detachment, affective disorders, non-conforming behavioral traits, and general antisocial actions (Reid, & Gacono, 2000; Ross, Benning, & Adams, 2007;Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006; Vitacco, Neumann, & Jackson, 2005; Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007; Wormith, Olver, Stevenson, & Girard, 2007). While most of the recent research has been used mainly on the male populations in prisons, juvenile institutions and psychiatric hospitals, the researchers who long believed the standard set did not fit with the female personality have begun to change the mindset. Many demographic factors including gender and race are being used to determine correlations and causes of the psychopathy personality. Psychopathy and Female Gender In more recent years, there has been an insurgent amount of research based on the psychopathy tendencies and predictability of female youth and adult offenders. The initial studies using any of the PCLs and including women as participants did not show a significant correlation between the psychopathic female and criminal behavior. However, more and more studies are showing correlations between and the prediction of criminal behavior in adult and adolescent female individuals with psychopathy personalities. One study of mixed adolescents began with the assumption of female participants having underlying factors that are not accounted for in the normal questions of the CPL:YV. This assumption was based on the ideal of the differences in the development of female and male adolescents. This study discovered some interesting information. While it was unable to predict non-violent activities in male or female participants, the female participants had extreme values in the prediction of violent behavior. This was one of the first studies including females that proved it would be used reliable for prediction of female violence (Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006). In fact, the mean association with female prediction was 21. 8 with a standard deviation of 5. 8, while male counterparts had a mean association with prediction of 22. 1 and a standard deviation of 6. 9.  This shows a correlation in the reliability of the predicting feature of this checklist in relation to female participants (Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006). There have also been studies on adult females with psychopathy traits that have found a decrease in intelligence with an increase in anxiety and psychopathic tendencies. This study allowed researchers to show the validity and reliability of the PCL:SV or PCL:R as a predicting too l in violent behavior and recidivism possibilities in both female inpatients and outpatients who participated in the study. Finally the task is not more just trying to understand the why and what of the male psychopath but the female psychopathy is gaining more ground and more research is being conducted now and in the future (Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007) Psychopathy and Race Within many of the same studies that are looking at female psychopaths, researchers are also declaring that race may be a factor in the onset of psychopathy tendencies. Most studies unfortunately, are coming up short with little significance in any correlation between race and psychopathic traits. In fact, the majority of the studies are showing a much higher significance in the correlation between gender and psychopathy than race and psychopathy (Reid, & Gacono, 2000; Ross, Benning, & Adams, 2007;Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006; Vitacco, Neumann, & Jackson, 2005; Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007; Wormith, Olver, Stevenson, & Girard, 2007). This does not mean that the researchers will stop working toward finding the cause especially if it is a demographic in nature. Today’s researchers are working long and hard to gain a better understanding of what is the true cause of psychopathy and if there are any signs that we can focus on when the child is still young. Psychopathy Treatments At this time, there is not known, end all, treatment for psychopathy. The reason for this is due to the number of factors that can attribute to the psychopathy traits. Just being antisocial is not psychopath and just being insensitive is not psychopath. The fact of the matter is that most psychopaths enter treatment just to quit almost immediately. The fact that the disorder is not associated with any practical or tangible pain or symptoms make this disorder easily ignored by the patient and the community. Without tangible repercussions, the treatment is meaningless and the individual returns to the actions of the past (Reid & Gacono, 2005). Another problem is that no psychiatric medications seem to work to change the inherent traits of the psychopath. Without the use of normal types of therapy and medication treatment of this disorder is extremely hard. The only treatment that seems to work with psychopaths is the extreme treatments with rigorous and unchangeable schedules such as â€Å"wilderness programs† and such that take the individual out of normal life and into a boot camp like setting with structure and guidance. However, this rigorous lifestyle is usually abandoned as soon and the program is over (Reid & Gacono, 2005). Recidivism of Psychopathy Personalities  Recidivism is basically the chance of a person returning to a way of life that is unacceptable, be the actions criminal, or just not acceptable to the community. In either case, a person who has been diagnosed with a psychopathy disorder is more likely to return to previous actions. In fact, the CPL:R is an incredibly accurate predictor of recidivism in persons with psychopathy tendencies. Studies have shown that a higher value in psychopathy and higher value in anxiety correlates with a lower intelligence value and a better chance of acting out in a violent way. If the violent action had been used previously, then the chance of recidivism was even more likely (Reid, & Gacono, 2000; Ross, Benning, & Adams, 2007;Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006; Vitacco, Neumann, & Jackson, 2005; Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007; Wormith, Olver, Stevenson, & Girard, 2007). Another study showed that many women with psychopathy tendencies also have what is called â€Å"selective attention abnormalities† that cause the women to exhibit violent and criminal actions. The action is not emotionally motivated but is an inherent deficit in the personality of the person (Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007). Conclusion In reality, more studies have to be conducted on psychopathy in mixed populations as well as single demographic variables. The field may have been around for over 200 years, but it is only now that science is catching up and finally giving some results that researches can use and help to treat this disorder (Reid, & Gacono, 2000; Ross, Benning, & Adams, 2007;Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Brownlee, 2006; Vitacco, Neumann, & Jackson, 2005; Vitale, Brinkley, Hiatt, & Newman, 2007; Wormith, Olver, Stevenson, & Girard, 2007). Psychopathy is not psychotic. There is a difference, but the violent tendencies are just below the surface, and the reason the traits are provoked is still widely unknown. The more research and the clearer the view of this disorder, the more help we can offer to those who are diagnosed in the future.

The Unique Architecture of Taj Mahal and Symbolism

Have you ever wondered how it will be like going to place that filled with love, passion, and peace that have been in this world for around 4 centuries? Everyone has seen the photograph of this beautiful monument and it is called the Tax Mall. Tax Mall is Indian's most famous architectural wonder and also one of the most beautiful work of art. Tax Mall is now located in the heart of Agar, India. Tax Mall stands on the bank on river Yamaha. Tax Mall is said to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Tax Mall is one of the beautiful places in India.It's most beautiful buildings, ardent and of course the beautiful tomb attracts many visitors from all over the world. The Tax is undoubtedly one of the most spectacular buildings of the world. Tax Mall, a tomb in India, considered as one of the most beautiful building that man ever created in the world. The Tax Mall meaner, â€Å"Crown palace†. It was built in the year 1631, and it was a tribute to him wife Mutual Mall a Muslim Per sian princess. Shah Johan, the fifth emperor was born on October 15, 1592, on the boarder of the Tar Desert.Johan climbed to the throne in 1628 soon after his father had died. Shah Johan was married to a Persian princess Mutual Mall at the age of sixteen. Both of them had to wait approximately 5 years to get married. Mutual Man's maiden name was changed from Argument Bank to Mutual Mall, which is very common in India after a loyal woman is married. Johan never wanted to be away from Mutual but Mutual always tried to engage with the citizens in Agar. Mutual was very generous, supportive and very helpful towards Shah Johan as well.In the nineteenth year of their marriage, Mutual was about to give birth to her fourteenth child in Bureau Purr when Mutual had complication. Mutual Mall died in A. D. 1629. Johan was there in Bureau Purr for a military crusade and Mutual was there for support. Johan was over whelmed with sorrows of Mutual death. In the early sass's there was an emperor name d Shah Johan the fifth emperor in India. Shah Johan became miserable and depressed. Shah Johan reportedly locked himself in a room and refused drink and food for about eighty days.According to the legend, when he finally came out his black beard was completely white. In the last minute of Mutual death, Mutual extracted four promises. First, that he build the Tax Mall; second, hat he should marry again; third, that he be kind to their children; and finally the forth, that he visit the tomb on her death anniversary. And history states that he kept the first and the second promise, which was to build Tax Mall and that he should get married again. Shah Johan then wanted to fulfill his wife first promise.He made preparation for the construction of Tax Mall. The construction began in A. D. 1631. The building stared to build about 1632 and was completed by 1643 and the surrounding compounds of the building and gardens were completed by 1653. The Tax Mall is sited on the south part of the r iver Yamaha. There were approximately twenty thousand employees working on the project and they worked really hard day and even night. The architects came from India, Persia, Central Asia, and beyond to make plans and preparations. The material came from various part of India.Material did not Just come from India; it also came from Afghanistan, Egypt, and from many other countries. The materials were really rare and it included Jewelries and crystal, jade, amber and many other valuable treasures. They also picked up treasures from the Indian Ocean, rare shells, coral, pearl. Poppas, onyxes, garnets, sapphires, bloodstone, and forty-three types of gems. The white marble was imported from Restaurants, the Jasper from Punjab and the Jade and crystal from China. They also dug up marbles from the hills in the southwest in Jasper in Restaurants.In order to transport the marble, a ten-mile long ramp of tamped earth was built through Agar and elephants and bullock carts dragged the marbles to the building site. Over one- thousand elephants were used to transport building materials during the time of construction. The first building to be constructed was the tomb. The construction started in 1632. The tomb stands cross the garden from all the main gateways. It is built on a raised platform. The tomb stands in the garden and the garden in measured about 1,900 feet by 1,000 feet. The garden is a Muslim symbol of paradise.The surrounding compounds of the building, gardens and the main gateway were completed by 1653. The tomb is positioned on the southern part of the river Yamaha. The tomb is mainly made out of white marble. The building itself is 186 feet square. A large bulb-shaped like a dome is about 187 feet high and 70 feet in diameter, and it ices over the center with four other small domes surrounding on four corners of the building. On each side of the tomb stands four minaret and its purpose is to center the structure and they are about 133 feet high.The small do mes are often referred to as minarets or towers. The side of the towers there is Redstone building, which is a mosque (a building that serves as the main place for Muslims). The visitors come to the Tax Mall through a magnificent red stone gate, decorated with education from the Muslim Holy Bible called â€Å"Quart†. The gate also contains a beautiful, geometrically laid out garden on each side. The main gate is across from the tomb structure and it is 150 feet wide and almost 100 feet tall. The inside of the Tax Mall, the tomb of Shah Khan's beloved wife Mutual Mall.The tomb stands at the center of an octagonal hall. Slightly near the tomb of Mutual Mall lies the tomb of Shah Johan who died in 1666. Both tombs are elaborately fined with semiprecious stones. The stones are clarified by sunlight filtering through richly craved marble screen that is also studded with Jewels. Tax Mall also known as the â€Å"tomb of light. † In order to get to the tomb, a person would hav e to walk through many hallways. This is for beauty and to keep out any unnecessary gate climbers. Many Hindu followers pass through the tomb asking for blessing from the queen's spirit.After praying to the queen, they also pray to the emperor Shah Johan. (â€Å"The Penguin guide to the monuments of India†) The Tax Mall is Indian's most well known structure, and the most beautiful piece of architecture in the world. According to the history, a Turkish Architect built the Tax Mall. The laborers' were engineers, carvers, artists, calligraphers, architects, and craftsmen of all sorts and a verity of common laborers. This architecture is put together of tomb, mosque, gardens, gateways, and fountains.The architect's name is unknown but it is clear that talent came from many part of the Muslim and western part of the world came together in Agar to work on the tomb. The main designer of the Tax Mall was the emperor Shah Johan, but Johan was helped by lot of other men in the world. I ts believed that the architects was an engineer and an astrologers from Persia named Mohamed, but the true architect was a mystery for the world. After the construction, Shah Johan order that every employees' ands should be cut off because Shah Johan never wanted them to built another building again.The Tax Mall, also known as one of the seventh wonders of the world, was created under the emperor Shah Johan; Tax Mall is an exaggerated building Shah Johan built this formation to celebrate his departed wife, Mutual Mall. This enormous creation is beautiful both inside as well as inside the Tax Mall. Johan also felt that the structure would help the citizens of Agar to be more pleased. Shah Johan fell into deep depression after Mutual died and Johan wanted to build something for his bellowed wife, so everyone in the India would know how he emperor felt. The Tax Mall symbolizes the love that Johan had for Mutual Mall.The Tax Mall still has effect on today humankind with tourism. Thousan ds of thousands people visit Tax Mall daily to see the beauty of the creation of Shah Johan and to see how love could have an effect on people life. People go there to see how these outstanding buildings and gardens and they also learn how Tax Mall came to be. The power of one man, it came all true by fulfilling Khan's wife Matzo's promise. The love that emperor Shah Johan had for Khan's wife Mutual has lasted for centuries. And no wonder it is called one of the seventh wonders of the world.The Tax Mall shows how the loss of one man's love can influence the whole world. The gift of Shah Johan and every people who helped to design touched India and the world. â€Å"Online Trip to the Tax Mall†, by Architecture Week, Architecture Week No. 38, 2001. 0214, . 1. Davies, Philip. The Penguin guide to the monuments of India, Volvo II. London: Viking, 1989. Tagged, Christopher. The History of Architecture in India. London: Phaeton Press, 1990. Http://www. Plainclothesmen. Com/tax-mall /tax-architecture. HTML http://library. Thinkers. Org/27638/Tasmania. HTML

The KMT vs. The CCP essays

The KMT vs. The CCP essays The conflict of the Kuomintang(KMT) and the CCP(Chinese Communist Party) became obvious when the leader of the KMT died in August of 1925. This death caused the initial overthrow of Wang Jingwei and finally Chiang Kai-shek. Even before Chiang gained power, however, he had oppressed the CCP by arresting many of the leading Communists in the KMT. When he took over a struggle for the superlative form of government became apparent. The outcome, however, is one with much dispute. Why did the Communist regimes defeat the more equipped and better-aided Kuomintang? I would have to argue that it was mostly the fault of Chiang Kai-shek and the corruption of the KMT. In the following I will give the reasons to support this statement. Firstly, under the control of Chiang, the KMT did not have a very well organized or loyal administration. When the KMT was taking control over the warlord-controlled territories of China, instead of appointing the KMT's officials to oversee his conquered territories, Chiang allied the warlord armies and gave them control without significantly changing the underlying structure of their system. This led to become a very insecure form of government to which Chiang could not trust nor rely on to shape his 'nationalist' ideals. Furthermore, the moment Chiang was out of the warlords' sight, they would go back to being warlords. It was almost a mock-defeat, with Chiang forced to return to these territories to regain his control and weaken his subordinates. Also, Chiang mad no distinction to exactly what form of government he would like to see implemented. While the goal was democracy, the KMT believed that China was not ready for such a system. Or was it Chiang who did not believe that China was ready for this... The second mistake the KMT made is one of disassociation with the masses. Chiang and the KMT made no effort to identify or even communicate with the Chinese people the principles of his system o...

Anne of York, Sister of Two English Kings

Anne of York, Sister of Two English Kings Anne of York Facts Known for: sister of British kings Richard III and Edward IV; she was given control of her first husbands land and titles when he was defeated fighting against Annes brother, King Edward IV. She had ties to the houses of York and Lancaster, the protagonists in the Wars of the Roses.Dates: August 10, 1439 - January 14, 1476Also known as: Duchess of Exeter Background, Family: Mother: Cecily Neville (1411 - 1495), daughter of Ralph, earl of Westmoreland, and his second wife, Joan Beaufort. Joan was a legitimized daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster and a son of King Edward III of England, by Katherine Swynford, whom John married after their children were born. Isabel Neville and Anne Neville, married to Anne of Yorks brothers, were great nieces of Cecily Neville and first cousins once removed to Anne of York and her brothers. Father: Richard, third duke of York (1411 - 1460), son of Richard of Conisbrough, fourth earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, fourth earl of March. Richard of Conisbrough was the son of Edmund of Langley, the first duke of York, who was the fourth son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault.Anne Mortimer was the great granddaughter of Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence, who was the second son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. In 1460, Annes father, Richard of York, attempted to take the throne from the Lancastrian Henry VI, based on this ancestry. He reached an agreement with Henry that he would succeed Henry, but shortly after was killed at the battle of Wakefield. His son Edward IV succeeded in March 1461 in toppling Henry VI on the basis of this same claim. Siblings: Joan of York (died in childhood)Henry of York (died in childhood)Edward IV of England (1442 - 1483)Edmund, Earl of Rutland (1443 - 1460)Elizabeth of York (1444 - about 1503), married John de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, who had first been married briefly, before the marriage contract  was dissolved, to Margaret Beaufort (age one or three at the time of the marriage)Margaret of York (1446 - 1503), married Charles the Bold of BurgundyWilliam of York (died in childhood)John of York (died in childhood)George, Duke of Clarence (1449 - 1478), married to Isabel Neville, sister of Anne Neville, Richard IIIs queen consortThomas of York (died in childhood)Richard III of England (1452 - 1485), married to Anne Neville, whose first husband was Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI of EnglandUrsula of York (died in childhood) Marriage, Children: First husband: Henry Holland, third duke of Exeter (1430 - 1475). Married 1447. Holland was an ally of the Lancastrians, and was a commander at Wakefield, St. Albans and the Battle of Towton. He fled to exile after the defeat at Towton. When Annes brother Edward became king, Edward gave control of Hollands estates to Anne. They formally separated in 1464 and divorced in 1472. Anne of York and Henry Holland had one child, a daughter: Anne Holland (about 1455 - between 1467 and 1474). Married Thomas Grey, first marquess of Dorset and son of Elizabeth Woodville, Edward IVs wife, by her first husband. When Edward gave control of Hollands estates to Anne of York, the estates were to go to Anne Hollands heirs. But Anne Holland died without any children. Second husband: Thomas St. Leger (about 1440 - 1483). Married 1474. Anne of York died of complications after childbirth at age 36, after bearing her only child by St. Leger, another daughter: Anne St. Leger (January 14, 1476 - April 21, 1526). Anne St. Legers heirs inherited, by an Act of Parliament in 1483, the Exeter estates which had been seized on her mothers behalf from her mothers first husband. That Act gave a part of the inheritance to Richard Grey, one of Elizabeth Woodvilles sons by her first marriage. Anne St. Leger was promised in marriage to Thomas Grey, a grandson of Elizabeth Woodville as well as the son of the widower of Anne St. Legers half-sister, Anne Holland. Anne St. Leger eventually married, instead, George Manners, twelfth baron de Ros.Among Anne St. Legers descendants was Diana, Princess of Wales. In 2012, remains thought to be those of Anne of Yorks brother, King Richard III, were discovered in Leicester; maternal line descendents of Anne of York through Anne St. Leger were used to test DNA and confirm the identity of the remains as those of the king who had died in battle. More About Anne of York: Anne of York was the older sister of two English kings, Edward IV and Richard III. Annes first husband, Henry Holland, duke of Exeter, fought successfully on the side of the Lancastrians against Annes York family at the battle of Wakefield, where Annes father and brother Edmund were killed. Holland was on the losing side at the Battle of Towton, and fled to exile, and his lands were seized by Edward IV. In 1460, Edward IV granted Anne of York her husbands lands, which were to be inherited through her daughter by Holland. That daughter, Anne Holland, was married to one of the sons of Edwards queen, Elizabeth Woodville, by her first husband, further tying the familys fortunes to the York side in the Wars of the Roses. Anne Holland died, childless, sometime after this marriage in 1466 and before 1474, at which time her husband remarried. Anne Holland was between 10 and 19 years old at her death. Anne of York had separated from Henry Holland in 1464 and obtained a divorce in 1472. Amendments before 1472 to Anne of Yorks title to the lands of her first husband made clear that the title and lands would proceed to any of Annes future children, so she may have already begun another relationship before her marriage in 1474 to Thomas St. Leger. Henry Holland drowned after falling overboard from a ship in 1475; rumors were that King Edward had ordered his death. In late 1475, Anne of York and Thomas St. Legers daughter, Anne St. Leger, was born. Anne of York died in January, 1476, of complications of the childbirth. Anne of Yorks Daughter, Anne St. Leger Anne St. Leger, at sixteen weeks old, was already contracted in marriage to Thomas Grey, who was a grandson of Elizabeth Woodville and the son of Anne St. Legers half-sisters widower. Edward IV won an Act of Parliament in 1483 declaring Anne St. Leger the heiress of the Exeter estate and titles, with some of the estate also passing to Richard Grey, another of Elizabeth Woodvilles sons from her first marriage. This Act of Parliament was unpopular with the public, one more example of the favors given to Elizabeth Woodvilles family, and may have contributed to Edward IVs downfall. Anne St. Leger, Anne of Yorks only surviving daughter, never married Thomas Grey. When her uncle, Richard III, ovrthrew her other uncle, Edward IV, he tried to marry Anne St. Leger to Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham. There were also rumors he wanted to marry Anne to his own son, Edward. Thomas St. Leger took part in a rebellion against Richard III. When that failed, he was captured and executed in November, 1483. After the defeat of Richard III and accession of Henry VII, Anne St. Leger married George Manners, twelfth baron de Ros. They had eleven children. Five of the daughters and one of the sons married. Another Anne of York A niece of Anne of York, the daughter of Annes brother Edward IV, was also called Anne of York. The younger Anne of York was the countess of Surrey and lived from 1475 to 1511. She married Thomas Howard, third duke of Norfolk. Anne of York, countess of Surrey, took part in the christenings of her nephew, Arthur Tudor, and of her niece, Margaret Tudor, children of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. The children of Anne of York, countess of Surrey, all predeceased her.

Company Analysis of Nestle Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Company Analysis of Nestle Corporation - Essay Example A situational audit is a comprehensive analysis of an organization’s current state in comparison to its micro and macro economic environment. According to Cherniss and Adler (2000, p. 97), a situational audit helps to establish the organization’s current situation in relation to its marketing objectives. In addition, a situation analysis identifies the future economic performance of the organization if it continues to use its current strategies. Nestle foods has operations in more than eighty countries globally. The organizations expansion strategy is implemented through joint venture and acquisitions. This report presents a situational audit for Nestle Foods, one of the world’s largest organizations. It explores the external, competitive, and internal market factors influencing the organization performance. Finally, it provides an analysis of the suitability of the marketing strategy used by the corporation and provides appropriate recommendations. The Internal environment According to Remenyi, Money and Bannister (2007, p.128), the internal analysis of an organization helps to identify the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The strengths represent the competencies and resources within the organization, which help it to achieve a competitive position in the industry. Nestle foods has numerous strengths which have helped the organization to become one of the worlds largest corporations.... Management of the organization has excelled in creating an environment, which foster innovation in the company. Innovation has helped the organization to achieve internal growth through the ability to meet and surpass consumer expectations. Nestle Foods has uses a low cost strategy which helps the organization to maintain low cost for all operations. Through the low cost strategy, Nestle Foods is able to offer its consumers competitive prices for its products. In addition, Nestle foods have a highly competitive team of research and development in charge of new product development. Nestle Foods has affiliations with major learning institutions and has developed a university where most of its research and development is conducted. The research and development team has enabled Nestle Foods to differentiate its products from those of its competitors in the industry. Another strength that Nestle Foods has its health based weight-management product line. With the growing popularity of heal th foods in the European market and other countries, this presents a lucrative opportunity for Nestle Foods. According to Remenyi, Money and Bannister (2007, p.128), threats are factors in the business environment which may hinder the successful implementation of an organization strategies. Nestle Foods has undertaken an intensive expansion strategy by venturing in many markets in Europe and other continents. However, most markets in Europe are already saturated which may hinder the successful implementation of the Nestle Food’s expansion strategy in European markets. For example, when Nestle Foods launched its yoghurt, Yoplait, in France, it failed to acquire a large market share because Danone is the established brand of yoghurt in the country. Nestle

What differences and what similarities can you describe between Essay

What differences and what similarities can you describe between aviation safety and aviation security - Essay Example Aviation security specifically deals with ensuring that the passengers have a safe flight. It involves intelligent procedures for pre-boarding and after-boarding processes. Airport security personnel are authorized and instructed to individually check every passenger and his luggage to make sure there is no risk of terrorism that is prevailing in the air these days, especially after the unfortunate event of 9/11. If at all aviation security has to deal with the airplane itself, it involves security issues like checking that the cockpit doors are made strong enough to withstand firing, bullets and explosives. Although people use the terms, safety and security, in more or less the same meaning, but when we talk about aviation or air travel, the two terms mean entirely differently. The only similarity is that both concepts deal with ensuring that the flight is entirely out of